🌿 Environmental documentation explained

What is an EPD?

An Environmental Product Declaration is a standardised, third-party verified document that shows a product’s environmental impact throughout its entire life cycle — from raw material to disposal.

Creat your EPDs
Contents

What does an EPD contain?

The EPD documents a set of standardised environmental indicators across the product’s entire life cycle.

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Global Warming Potential (GWP)
The product’s carbon footprint measured in kg CO₂ equivalents — the most important indicator of climate impact.
Primary energy use
Total energy consumption across the entire life cycle, split between renewable and non-renewable sources.
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Water use
Litres of fresh water used in the production process, important for products with water-intensive manufacturing.
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Waste
Amount of hazardous and non-hazardous waste generated through production, use and disposal.
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Resource use
Consumption of renewable and non-renewable raw materials from natural resources.
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Recycling potential
The share of materials that can be recovered or reused at the end of the product’s life.

All EPDs are developed in accordance with ISO 14025 and EN 15804+A2 — ensuring that documents are comparable across products and manufacturers.

Who uses EPDs?

EPDs are used across the entire construction industry

From manufacturer to buyer — the EPD is a common language for environmental impact across the entire value chain.

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Manufacturers
Use EPDs to document and improve product environmental performance and to meet requirements in public and private tenders. An EPD is increasingly a prerequisite for being considered.
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Architects and consultants
Use EPDs to choose materials with the lowest possible carbon footprint in projects. EPD data is input for greenhouse gas calculations and BREEAM/LEED certification.
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Developers and property owners
Use EPDs in greenhouse gas calculations for construction projects — among other things as a requirement under the Norwegian TEK17 regulation for new buildings over 1,000 m². EPDs form the basis for legally mandated reporting.
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Buyers and public authorities
Use EPDs to compare products and set environmental requirements in procurement. Public procurement in Norway and the EU increasingly requires EPD documentation.
EPD vs. no EPD

What happens without an EPD?

EPD is becoming a market requirement — not just a competitive advantage.

❌ Without EPD
Excluded from public and private tenders that require climate documentation
Cannot contribute to projects’ greenhouse gas calculations under TEK17
No foundation for the Digital Product Passport (DPP) from 2027
Loses credibility with sustainability-conscious customers and investors
✅ With EPD from LCA.no
Win tenders with documented environmental performance
Meet TEK17 requirements and upcoming EU regulations
Ready for the Digital Product Passport (DPP) from day one
Positions the company as a serious sustainability player in Norway and internationally
How it works

From data to published EPD in days

Traditionally the process took 6–12 months. With LCA.no it’s a four-step process you run yourself.

1
Data collection
Collect energy use, materials, transport and waste from production.
2
LCA calculation
The system automatically calculates environmental impacts based on approved databases.
3
Third-party verification
An independent verifier reviews the calculations and approves the document.
4
Publication
The EPD is published by an approved EPD operator (e.g. EPD-Global) and made freely available.
Third-party verification

How are the EPDs approved?

A question we often get: “Can the EPDs you develop be approved as third-party verified?” The answer is yes — and here’s why.

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EPDs developed to international standards

All EPDs delivered through LCA.no are developed in accordance with ISO 14025, EN 15804 and the requirements of the relevant programme operator — for example EPD-Global. Our LCA team handles data collection, life cycle analysis and documentation.

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Verification by an independent third party

LCA.no works closely with approved verifiers and ensures that all documentation required for verification is in place. Once the analysis is complete, the EPD is sent to the verifier and then to the programme operator for publication.

EPD-Global has confirmed our process

LCA.no’s methodology and practice have been reviewed and confirmed by EPD-Global. All EPDs developed through us can be published as third-party verified, as long as they meet the requirements of the relevant Product Category Rules (PCR).

📄 Read the confirmation from EPD-Global →
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Why is third-party verification important?

Third-party verification is essential for an EPD to be used in public procurement and to document climate and environmental impact in compliance with regulations. It provides credibility, transparency and ensures that the methodology meets industry standards.

Terminology

EPD and LCA – what’s the difference?

The terms are often used interchangeably, but they mean two different things.

LCA

Life Cycle Assessment — the analysis

LCA is the underlying, systematic mapping of all environmental impacts across the product’s life cycle. It’s the methodological tool — defined in ISO 14040/14044.

An LCA can be used internally and does not have to result in a public EPD.

EPD

Environmental Product Declaration — the report

The EPD is the publicly published document that presents the results of an LCA in a standardised and comparable format — according to ISO 14025 and EN 15804+A2.

You always need an LCA to create an EPD.

In short: LCA is the analysis — EPD is the report.
EPD and the future

EPD is the key to the Digital Product Passport (DPP)

The EU is introducing the Digital Product Passport (DPP) through the ESPR regulation from 2027. The DPP will require products to carry digital documentation of environmental impact, materials and recyclability across the entire value chain.

📅 2024 — Greenhouse gas calculation mandatory for new buildings over 1,000 m² in Norway
📅 2027 — EU requirement for the Digital Product Passport (DPP) takes effect
📅 Now — Companies with an EPD already have a clear head start
Get started with the EPD Generator →
Frequently asked questions

Questions about EPDs

[accordion_item title=’What does EPD stand for?’] EPD stands for Environmental Product Declaration. It’s a standardised document that shows a product’s environmental impact throughout its entire life cycle — from raw material extraction to disposal — verified by an independent third party.
[/accordion_item] [accordion_item title=’Is an EPD legally required in Norway?’] From 1 January 2024, greenhouse gas calculation is mandatory for new buildings over 1,000 m² in Norway. EPDs for construction products are the most common basis for such calculations. In addition, many public and private developers require EPDs in tenders, even for smaller projects.
[/accordion_item] [accordion_item title=”What’s the difference between an EPD and an LCA?”] LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) is the underlying analysis — the systematic mapping of all environmental impacts. An EPD is the publicly published document that presents the LCA results in a standardised and comparable format. In short: LCA is the analysis, EPD is the report.
[/accordion_item] [accordion_item title=”What’s the difference between an EPD and an ecolabel like the Nordic Swan?”] The Nordic Swan ecolabel certifies that a product meets specific environmental criteria — it’s an endorsement. An EPD is a neutral fact-based document that doesn’t judge whether a product is “good” or “bad”, but provides data that lets buyers compare and assess products themselves.
[/accordion_item] [accordion_item title=’How long does it take to create an EPD?’] With the EPD Generator from LCA.no, the process can be completed in days. Traditionally it has taken 6–12 months and required an external LCA consultant. Our cloud-based solution lets manufacturers run the process themselves and significantly reduces cost.
[/accordion_item] [accordion_item title=’How much does it cost to create an EPD?’] Cost varies based on product and complexity. With the EPD Generator from LCA.no, both time and cost are reduced significantly compared to traditional manual development with an external consultant. Contact us for a quote tailored to your company.
[/accordion_item] [accordion_item title=’How is an EPD connected to the Digital Product Passport (DPP)?’] The EU is introducing the Digital Product Passport (DPP) through the ESPR regulation from 2027. The DPP will require products to carry digital documentation of environmental impact across the life cycle. EPD data is a central component of the DPP — companies that already have EPDs will have a clear head start when the requirements take effect.
[/accordion_item] [accordion_item title=’Which standards apply to EPDs?’] EPDs for construction products are developed according to ISO 14025 (the international standard for Type III environmental declarations) and EN 15804+A2 (the European product standard for construction products, updated in 2019). The underlying LCA methodology is defined in ISO 14040/14044. All EPDs must be verified by an independent third party and published by an approved EPD operator.
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Ready to create your first EPD?

Over 5,000 manufacturers in 30 countries have already produced more than 10,000 EPDs with LCA.no.